Why Does Jesus Not Know the Day or Hour? – Mark 13:32

Mark 13:32 states:

“But about that day or hour no one knows, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father.”

This verse presents a theological challenge: if Jesus is fully God, how can He be ignorant of something the Father knows? Below are key theological perspectives that help address this:

1. Jesus’ Voluntary Limitation in the Incarnation

In Philippians 2:6-7, Paul writes that Jesus,

“though he was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped, but emptied himself, by taking the form of a servant.”

This suggests that in His incarnation, Jesus voluntarily limited the independent use of His divine attributes, including omniscience. As the God-Man, He functioned within the limitations of His human nature. Thus, while Jesus is fully God, He chose not to access certain divine knowledge during His earthly ministry.

2. The Economic vs. Ontological Trinity

There is an important distinction in Trinitarian theology:

• Ontological Trinity: Refers to the essence of God—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are co-equal and co-eternal in their divine nature.
• Economic Trinity: Refers to the different roles within salvation history. The Son submits to the Father in function, not in essence (John 5:19, 1 Corinthians 15:28).

In Mark 13:32, Jesus is speaking from His human role in the Economic Trinity. His knowledge was functionally limited in submission to the Father’s will, without diminishing His divine nature.

3. Post-Resurrection and Full Knowledge

After the resurrection, Jesus appears to have full knowledge again. In Matthew 28:18, He declares,

“All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me.”

By the time of the ascension, He no longer speaks of the Father’s knowledge as separate from His own. This suggests that His limitation was specific to His earthly ministry.

4. The Role of the Holy Spirit

The Holy Spirit, as fully God, shares in divine omniscience. However, within the Economic Trinity, revelation is often attributed to the Father and mediated through the Son and Spirit. It is possible that the Holy Spirit’s role was not to reveal this particular knowledge until the appointed time.

Conclusion

Jesus’ statement in Mark 13:32 does not contradict His divinity but reflects His functional limitation during the Incarnation. His submission to the Father’s authority in this matter aligns with the broader biblical teaching on the Trinity.

Commentary on Mark 11:1 – 12:12

Introduction

Mark 11 marks a crucial turning point in the Gospel, as Jesus enters Jerusalem, initiating the events leading to His crucifixion. The themes of authority, judgment, and faith dominate these passages, culminating in a powerful parable (Mark 12:1–12) that foreshadows Jesus’ rejection by Israel’s leaders.

Mark 11:1–11 – The Triumphal Entry

Jesus’ entrance into Jerusalem fulfills Old Testament prophecies, particularly Zechariah 9:9, where the Messiah is depicted as a humble king riding on a colt.

• The colt (vv. 2-7): Jesus commands His disciples to fetch a colt that had never been ridden. In ancient Jewish culture, an unridden animal was considered appropriate for sacred purposes (cf. Numbers 19:2; Deuteronomy 21:3).
• Hosanna! Blessed is He (vv. 8-10): The crowd’s response echoes Psalm 118:25-26, a messianic psalm that speaks of salvation. The laying down of cloaks and branches was a gesture of honor, reminiscent of how kings were welcomed (cf. 2 Kings 9:13).

MacArthur Study Bible: The people’s acclaim was likely driven by expectations of a political messiah rather than a suffering servant (cf. Isaiah 53).

Mark 11:12–25 – The Fig Tree and Temple Cleansing

Cursing the Fig Tree (vv. 12-14)

The fig tree represents Israel’s spiritual condition. Though outwardly flourishing, it bore no fruit, mirroring the religious leaders’ hypocrisy.

• ESV Study Bible: This acted as a symbolic parable of Israel’s judgment (cf. Jeremiah 8:13).
• NIV Study Bible: The connection between the tree and the temple cleansing (vv. 15-19) suggests that empty religion was under divine judgment.

Cleansing of the Temple (vv. 15-19)

Jesus drives out money changers, condemning the corruption in the temple.

• “Den of robbers” (v. 17): Jesus quotes Jeremiah 7:11, a passage warning against false security in religious institutions.
• MacArthur Study Bible: The temple system had become exploitative, making worship inaccessible for Gentiles.

Faith and Prayer (vv. 20-25)

After Peter notices the withered fig tree, Jesus teaches about faith:

• Faith in God (v. 22): True faith relies on God’s power rather than external rituals.
• Forgiveness (v. 25): A crucial aspect of prayer is a forgiving heart, emphasizing the relational aspect of faith.

Mark 11:27 – 12:12 – Jesus’ Authority and the Parable of the Tenants

Jesus’ Authority Questioned (11:27-33)

The chief priests, scribes, and elders challenge Jesus’ authority. Instead of answering directly, Jesus asks about John the Baptist’s authority, exposing their hypocrisy.

• ESV Study Bible: Their fear of the crowd (v. 32) highlights their self-preservation over truth.
• NIV Study Bible: By not answering, Jesus demonstrates that they had already rejected divine revelation.

Parable of the Tenants (12:1-12)

This parable summarizes Israel’s history and predicts Jesus’ rejection.

• Owner (God), Tenants (Israel’s leaders), Servants (Prophets), Son (Jesus).
• Psalm 118:22-23: Jesus applies this prophecy to Himself, identifying as the cornerstone rejected by builders.

MacArthur Study Bible: This parable foreshadows Jesus’ crucifixion, showing that rejection of the Son leads to divine judgment.

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Sources

• ESV Study Bible (Crossway, 2008)
• NIV Study Bible (Zondervan, 2011)
• MacArthur Study Bible (Thomas Nelson, 2006)
• Biblical Cross-references: Jeremiah 7:11, Psalm 118:22-23, Zechariah 9:9

The “Eye of a Needle” in Mark 10:25

In Mark 10:25, Jesus says:

“It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God.”

This statement is part of Jesus’ conversation with a wealthy young man who asked what he must do to inherit eternal life. After telling him to obey the commandments, Jesus then challenges him to sell all his possessions, give to the poor, and follow Him. The young man leaves sorrowful because he is very wealthy.

Possible Interpretations

1. Literal Interpretation

Jesus may have been using hyperbole, a common Jewish teaching method, to illustrate the difficulty of a rich person entering heaven. The “eye of a needle” would then refer to an actual sewing needle, making it an impossibility without divine intervention.

2. The “Needle Gate” Theory (Disputed)

Some claim that the “eye of a needle” referred to a small, narrow gate in ancient Jerusalem where a camel could only pass through if it was stripped of its load and knelt down. However, there is little historical evidence for such a gate existing during Jesus’ time.

3. Aramaic Wordplay Theory

Some scholars suggest that there may have been a confusion in translation. The Aramaic word for “camel” (gamla) can also mean “rope” or “large cord.” If so, Jesus could have been referring to threading a thick rope through a needle, which would still be an impossible task but might emphasize the difficulty rather than impossibility.

Main Takeaway

Regardless of the exact meaning, Jesus’ point is clear: wealth can be a spiritual hindrance if it leads to reliance on material possessions rather than God. However, in Mark 10:27, He provides hope:

“With man this is impossible, but not with God; all things are possible with God.”

This means that while wealth can make entering God’s kingdom difficult, God’s grace can make the impossible possible.

Commentary on Mark 10:1-52

Mark 10 offers profound teachings from Jesus on topics such as marriage, wealth, servanthood, and faith. This chapter provides deep insights into the nature of discipleship and the values of the Kingdom of God.

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Verses 1–12: Teaching on Divorce

Jesus travels to the region of Judea beyond the Jordan, where crowds gather, and He resumes His customary teaching. The Pharisees approach Him with a question about the legality of divorce, aiming to test Him. Jesus responds by asking them about Moses’ commandments. They reference Moses permitting a man to write a certificate of divorce and send his wife away.

Jesus explains that this concession was due to the hardness of human hearts but emphasizes that from the beginning of creation, God intended marriage to be a union where two become one flesh. He concludes that what God has joined together, no one should separate. Later, in private, Jesus tells His disciples that divorcing one’s spouse and marrying another constitutes adultery.

Commentary on Divorce

• The ESV Study Bible Notes highlight that Jesus’ teaching restores the original intent of marriage, referring to Genesis 1:27 and Genesis 2:24 as foundational (Crossway, 2008).
• The NIV Study Bible Notes clarify that Moses’ allowance for divorce was a concession, not an endorsement (Zondervan, 2011).
• MacArthur Study Bible Notes emphasize that Jesus rejects divorce except in cases of sexual immorality (MacArthur, 1997, p. 1415).
• The Working Preacher Commentary explains that Jesus reasserts the sanctity of marriage as a lifelong commitment (Working Preacher, 2022).

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Verses 13–16: Jesus Blesses the Children

People bring little children to Jesus, hoping He might touch them, but the disciples rebuke them. Observing this, Jesus becomes indignant and instructs them to allow the children to come to Him, stating that the Kingdom of God belongs to such as these. He emphasizes that anyone who does not receive the Kingdom of God like a child will never enter it. Jesus then takes the children in His arms, lays His hands on them, and blesses them.

Commentary on Children

• The MacArthur Study Bible explains that Jesus’ words reveal that entering the kingdom requires humility and dependency like that of a child (MacArthur, 1997, p. 1416).
• The Enduring Word Commentary states that Jesus rebukes the disciples for hindering the children, challenging social norms (Guzik, 2023).

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Verses 17–31: The Rich Young Man

As Jesus sets out on a journey, a man approaches Him, kneels, and inquires about inheriting eternal life. Jesus questions why he calls Him good, noting that no one is good except God alone. He reminds the man of the commandments, to which the man responds that he has kept all of them since his youth.

Jesus looks at him with love and tells him he lacks one thing: he should sell all he possesses, give to the poor to have treasure in heaven, and then follow Him. The man leaves saddened because he has great wealth.

Jesus comments on the difficulty for the wealthy to enter the Kingdom of God, comparing it to a camel passing through the eye of a needle. The disciples are astonished and wonder who can be saved. Jesus assures them that with man it is impossible, but not with God; all things are possible with God.

Commentary on Wealth and Discipleship

• The ESV Study Bible Notes argue that wealth can create a false sense of security, making reliance on God difficult (Crossway, 2008).
• The BibleRef.com Commentary explains that Jesus’ challenge is not about money alone but about surrendering all to follow Him (BibleRef, 2023).

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Verses 32–34: Jesus Foretells His Death a Third Time

On the road to Jerusalem, Jesus walks ahead of His disciples, who are amazed and fearful. He takes the Twelve aside and details what will happen to Him: He will be delivered to the chief priests and scribes, condemned to death, handed over to the Gentiles, mocked, spat upon, flogged, killed, and after three days, He will rise.

Commentary on Jesus’ Passion Prediction

• The Precept Austin Commentary states that this is the third prediction of Jesus’ suffering, emphasizing the disciples’ continued misunderstanding (Precept Austin, 2022).
• The Blue Letter Bible Commentary notes that Jesus walks ahead, showing His willingness to fulfill His mission despite the coming suffering (Blue Letter Bible, 2023).

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Verses 35–45: The Request of James and John

James and John, the sons of Zebedee, approach Jesus with a request to sit at His right and left in His glory. Jesus tells them they do not know what they are asking and questions if they can drink the cup He drinks or be baptized with His baptism.

They affirm they can, and Jesus acknowledges they will share in His sufferings but states that granting positions of honor is not His to give. The other ten disciples become indignant with James and John. Jesus gathers them and explains that unlike Gentile rulers who lord over others, greatness among them must come through servanthood.

“Even the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve and to give His life as a ransom for many.”

Commentary on Servanthood

• The NIV Study Bible Notes highlight that true leadership in Christ’s kingdom is marked by humility and service (Zondervan, 2011).
• Charles Swindoll’s Insights on Mark emphasize Jesus’ countercultural teaching on leadership (Swindoll, 2022).

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Verses 46–52: Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus

As Jesus leaves Jericho with His disciples and a large crowd, Bartimaeus, a blind beggar, sits by the roadside. Hearing that Jesus of Nazareth is passing by, he begins to shout, “Jesus, Son of David, have mercy on me!” Many rebuke him, telling him to be quiet, but he shouts all the more.

Jesus stops and calls for him. Bartimaeus throws aside his cloak, jumps up, and comes to Jesus. Jesus asks what he wants, and Bartimaeus requests to see again. Jesus tells him his faith has healed him, and immediately, he regains his sight and follows Jesus along the road.

Commentary on Faith and Healing

• The Enduring Word Commentary states that Bartimaeus’ faith was persistent, refusing to be silenced (Guzik, 2023).
• The ESV Study Bible Notes highlight that Jesus’ healing is both physical and spiritual (Crossway, 2008).

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Sources Cited

1. ESV Study Bible Notes (Crossway Bibles, 2008).
2. NIV Study Bible Notes (Zondervan, 2011).
3. MacArthur Study Bible Notes (John MacArthur, Thomas Nelson, 1997).
4. Enduring Word Bible Commentary (David Guzik, 2023).
5. Working Preacher Commentary on Mark (Working Preacher, 2022).
6. Blue Letter Bible Commentaries (Blue Letter Bible, 2023).
7. BibleRef.com Commentary (BibleRef, 2023).
8. Precept Austin Commentary on Mark 10 (Precept Austin, 2022).
9. Charles Swindoll’s Insights on Mark (Swindoll, 2022).

Commentary on Mark 9:30-50 – Lessons on Discipleship, Humility, and Sin

Mark 9:30-50 presents a profound segment of Jesus’ ministry, encompassing His second prediction of His passion, teachings on humility and service, inclusivity in ministry, and stern warnings against sin. This passage offers deep insights into the nature of discipleship and the ethical demands of following Christ.

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Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection (Mark 9:30-32)

As Jesus and His disciples journeyed through Galilee, He sought seclusion to instruct them about His impending betrayal, death, and resurrection. Despite the clarity of His message, the disciples failed to grasp its meaning and were apprehensive about seeking clarification.

This reflects a recurring theme in Mark’s Gospel, where the disciples struggle to comprehend the necessity of Jesus’ suffering. Their fear of questioning Him may indicate a reluctance to confront the harsh realities of His mission. Jesus’ prediction of His suffering is central to understanding His messianic role—not as a political conqueror, but as the suffering servant foretold in Isaiah 53.

“The disciples’ lack of understanding was not merely intellectual but spiritual. They resisted the idea of a suffering Messiah, as it conflicted with their expectations.” – MacArthur Study Bible Notes

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Who Is the Greatest? (Mark 9:33-37)

Upon arriving in Capernaum, Jesus inquired about a dispute among the disciples regarding who was the greatest. In response, He emphasized that true greatness in His kingdom is characterized by humility and servitude.

By placing a child before them—a symbol of vulnerability and low social status—Jesus taught that welcoming such individuals in His name is equivalent to welcoming Him and, by extension, God the Father. This lesson underscores the value of humility and the importance of embracing the marginalized.

“Jesus radically redefined greatness in terms of humility and service. True leadership in His kingdom is about self-denial, not self-promotion.” – ESV Study Bible Notes

This rebuke highlights the contrast between worldly ambition and kingdom values. The disciples, like many people today, were preoccupied with status rather than servanthood.

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Whoever Is Not Against Us Is for Us (Mark 9:38-41)

John reported to Jesus about someone casting out demons in His name, expressing concern because the individual was not part of their group. Jesus corrected this exclusivity, stating that anyone performing miracles in His name would not soon speak ill of Him. He further asserted that those not opposing them are allies.

This teaching highlights the inclusivity of Jesus’ mission and warns against a narrow, sectarian mindset. It suggests that genuine acts done in Jesus’ name, even outside the immediate community of disciples, are to be acknowledged and valued.

“God’s work is not limited to one group. True disciples should recognize and celebrate the work of Christ wherever it is found.” – Enduring Word Commentary

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Temptations to Sin (Mark 9:42-50)

Jesus delivered stern warnings about causing others, especially “little ones” who believe in Him, to stumble. He employed hyperbolic language, advising that if one’s hand, foot, or eye leads them to sin, it should be removed to prevent greater spiritual peril.

This underscores the severity of sin and the radical measures one should be willing to take to avoid it. Jesus also spoke of being “salted with fire,” which can be interpreted as the purifying trials believers may face.

The exhortation to “have salt in yourselves, and be at peace with one another” emphasizes maintaining one’s integrity and fostering harmonious relationships within the community.

“Jesus’ warnings are graphic but necessary—sin is not to be treated lightly. The cost of sin is eternal, and drastic action is sometimes required to preserve one’s spiritual life.” – Blue Letter Bible Commentary

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Conclusion

In summary, this passage encapsulates key aspects of Jesus’ teachings on discipleship:

• The necessity of embracing suffering – Jesus’ path was one of humility and sacrifice.
• The call to humility and service – True greatness is found in servanthood, not power.
• The importance of inclusivity – The kingdom of God is not limited to a select few but is open to all who act in Jesus’ name.
• The imperative to confront and eradicate sin – Believers must take sin seriously and be willing to make sacrifices to maintain purity.

These lessons remain foundational for understanding the ethical and communal dimensions of following Christ. Mark 9:30-50 challenges every believer to adopt a heart of humility, recognize God’s work beyond our own circles, and pursue righteousness with urgency.

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Sources:

• ESV Study Bible Notes
• NIV Study Bible Notes
• MacArthur Study Bible Notes
• Enduring Word Bible Commentary – Mark 9 Commentary
• Working Preacher Commentary – Mark 9:30-50 Commentary
• Blue Letter Bible Commentaries – Mark 9 Commentary
• BibleRef.com – Mark 9:30 Commentary
• Charles Swindoll’s Insights on Mark – Insight for Living Ministries